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By Jake Fuss
The Growing Debt Burden for Canadians: 2026 Edition
- Budget deficits and increasing debt have become serious fiscal challenges facing the federal and many provincial governments. Since 2007/08, combined federal and provincial net debt (inflation-adjusted) has nearly doubled from $1.24 trillion to a projected $2.44 trillion in 2025/26.
- Between 2019/20 (the last year before COVID) and 2025/26, the combined federal-provincial debt-to-GDP ratio is expected to grow from 65.9 percent to 75.4 percent. Moreover, the federal and provincial governments are on track to have collectively accumulated $603.7 billion (inflation-adjusted) in total net debt between 2019/20 and 2025/26, an increase of 32.8 percent.
- Among the provinces, Manitoba has the highest combined federal-provincial debt-to-GDP ratio (91.3 percent), while Alberta has the lowest (43.4 percent). Newfoundland and Labrador has the highest combined debt per person ($71,611), followed by Ontario ($63,574) and Quebec ($63,488). In contrast, Alberta has the lowest debt per person in the country with $42,368.
- Interest payments are a major consequence of debt accumulation. Governments must make interest payments on their debt similar to households that must pay interest on borrowing related to mortgages, vehicles, or credit card spending. Revenues directed towards interest payments mean that in the future there will be less money available for tax cuts or government programs such as health care, education, and social services.
- The federal and provincial governments must develop long-term plans to meaningfully address the growing debt problem in Canada.
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